When purchasing a diamond, it is always a good idea to acquire some understanding beforehand as to the four basic principles which help determine its value. These are known as the 4C’s.
Cut
The cut refers to a diamond’s overall proportions as well as its finish and polish. These determine its scintillation, dispersion, brilliance and fire.
Color
Purchasers of diamonds usually prefer a stone which is colorless to near colorless. The highest grade in this regard, termed colorless, is graded D to F and following these top grades are near colorless and graded G to J. Diamonds graded after J tend to have a yellowish tinge and are less desirable but offer the best dollar value for the purchaser.
Clarity
Diamonds possess various levels of clarity. A select few, totally free of inclusions, are termed flawless. There are a number of other grades which categorize diamonds as having barely visible inclusions to the naked eye, all the way to those having many inclusions visible to the naked eye. Flawless diamonds have an F grade and on the other end of the scale an I1 diamond will have the most inclusions. Purchasers of diamonds generally feel comfortable buying a diamond of VS2 to SI2, with minute inclusions, as long as they remain undetected by the naked eye.
Carat Weight
Carat or carat weight refers to how much a diamond weighs after it has been cut and polished. In general, as the carat weight of the stone increases, so too does its cost. With that said, Cut, Color and Clarity also influence the price of a diamond. For instance, a Flawless 0.50 carat stone with perfect color and cut can cost more than a 1.00 carat stone with lower grades of color, cut and clarity.